until是什么意思(until与not...until... 差别在哪儿)
我小朋友翻译被我揪出来个小毛病,她坦陈对until有种恐怖感,很多人都区分不开这两个,用的时候很凌乱。甚至别说应用了,浏览都有问题。
首先先看一下until的含义:
until | ntl |
preposition& conjunction
up to (the point in time or the event mentioned):[as preposition] : the kidnappe百思特网rs have given us until October 11th to deliver the documents|he held the office until his death|[as conjunction] : you don't know what you can ac(www.isoyu.com原创版权)hieve until you try.
我们注意到until即是介词又是连词, 这里也是大家困惑的源泉,到底是直到为止还是是直到才?要肯定具体是哪个含义,要区离开哪种情形是介词及连词~
如下图所示:
介词 prep.
直到...时,到...为止
Will this fish keep until tomorrow? 这鱼能搁到2021-09-29 吗?
(用于否认句)在...之前,直到...才
She didn't go to bed until eleven o'clock. 她直到十一点才上床睡觉
衔接词 conj.
1. 直到...时,到...为止
You can wait here until help comes.
你可以在这里等,直到有人来帮百思特网你。
2. (用于否认句)在...以前,直到...才
She didn't go to bed until her daughter came back.
她一直等到女儿回来才去睡觉
“not…until””意思是:“直到……才……” 表现在这个界线之前一直没有产生这个动作
“until””意思是:“直到……” 表现这个动作一直延续到这个界线涌现时。
(易错点:将“not…until””句型翻译成了否认句,如上句:直到我回来你不可以分开)
wait、keep是延续性动词,所以用确定情势;而go to bed、leave是非延续性动词,所以用否认情势。
用“until”还是“not....until”要看谓语动词是延续性还是非延续性动词
until用做连词时,要注意以下几点
衔接的是两个句子,要分清哪部分是主句、从句,主句在until之前,从句在until之后 “直到”后+从句,“百思特网才”后+主句
not…until 主句中的谓语要加not进行否认;从英文上看是否认情势,但中文要译成确定情势“直到…才…”
对not…until的强调构造为“It is / was not until… that… ”虽然两者都有not进行了否认,但中文要译成确定“直到……才……”
It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. =I didn’t notice it until yesterday. 直到昨天我才注意到此事。
It was not until I saw Mary that I felt happy. =I didn’t feel happy until I saw Mary 直到见到玛丽我才愉快起来。
It is / was not until + 从句 + that +主句
not…until句型和It is / was not until…that…强调句型可以互相转换
Not until…放在句首,该句型中的主句用倒装构造,until引诱的从句不要倒装。
主句倒装时要注意以下几点:1.主句倒装时注意主句中的谓语动词是is/are/am/was/were时,将此be动词提到主句的主语前面;2.主句中的谓语动词是实意动词,时态为现在/过去时,将do/does/did提前到主语前,完成时将have/has/had提到主语前;3.主句中的谓语由情态动词构成时,将情态动词如can/may/must/could等提到主句的主语前。4.主句中时态为将来时,将will等提到主句中的主语前面。